Actually I'm a little bit confused between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.Maybe osteoarthritis for knee and maybe osteoporosis for backbone xD i don't know. Maybe like that. So if you guys confused, let's read! :)
What is Osteoporosis ?
Osteoporosis is the deterioration of normal bone density, causing bones to become fragile. It contributes to the bones and makes bones porous, spongy and fragile from the inside. The problem occurred at this weakens the skeleton and increased risk of bone fracture or fractures is increasing. Normal bone contains protein, collagen and calcium makes it stronger. Bones that have problems osteoporosis can fracture caused only minor injury that normally can not cause a bone fracture. Cracks can occur either in the form of cracking (as hip fracture) or the vertebral compression fracture of the spine. Spine, hip and waist is a common area that was broken a bone is likely to occur in other skeletons. An estimated one in three women and one out of 12 men aged over 50 years are now suffering from osteoporosis worldwide.
Types of Osteoporosis
-Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
-Senile Osteoporosis
-Secondary Osteoporosis
-Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis
Cause of Osteoporosis
1 . Postmenopausal Osteoporosis occurs because estrogen deficiency ( primary hormone in women) , who helped organize the transport of calcium into the bone in women . Usually symptoms arise in women aged between 51-75 years, but can begin more quickly or more slowly . Not all women have the same risk of suffering from osteoporosis in postmenopausal , white women and the eastern easier to suffer the disease than black women .
2 . Senile Osteoporosis is probably the result of a lack of calcium in relation to age and the imbalance between the rate of bone destruction and new bone formation . Senile means that this condition only occurs in old age. This disease usually occurs at the age of above 70 years and two times more often affects women. Women often suffer from senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis .
3 . Secondary Osteoporosis caused less than 5% of patients with osteoporosis , which is caused by other medical conditions or by drugs. Osteoporosis can be caused by chronic renal failure and hormonal abnormalities ( especially thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal ) and drugs (eg corticosteroids, barbiturates, anti- seizure and excessive thyroid hormone ) . Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can exacerbate osteoporosis.
4 . Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis is a type of osteoporosis of unknown cause. It occurs in children and young adults who have pace and normal hormone function , normal levels of vitamin and has no clear cause of bone fragility .
Risk Factors of Osteoporosis
1 . Woman
Osteoporosis is more common in women . This is due to the influence of estrogen levels in the body begin to decline from the age of 35 years . In addition , women experiencing menopause can also occur at the age of 45 years .
2 . Age
Along with age , organ function is decreasing . At the age of 75-85 years , women have a 2-fold risk compared to men in the trabecular bone loss experienced due to the aging process , decreasing the absorption of calcium and increased parathyroid hormone function .
3 . Race / Ethnicity
Race also makes a difference where the whites or Asian descent have the greatest risk . This is due to the general low calcium intake asian women. One reason is that about 90 % of lactose intolerance and avoid products from animals . The man and woman Black and Hispanic had lower but still significant risk .
4 . Heredity People with osteoporosis
If there are family members who suffer from osteoporosis , so be careful . Osteoporosis attack patients with certain bone characteristics . Such similarities body stature and bone shape . That means the family line definitely has the same genetic structure of bone .
5 . Lifestyle Less Good
- Consumption of red meat and carbonated drinks , because both contain phosphorus which stimulates the formation of parathyroid hormones , causes the release of calcium from the blood .
- Caffeinated drinks and alcohol . Caffeinated beverages such as coffee and alcohol also can cause bone loss , brittle and damaged . This was confirmed by Dr. Robert and Dr. Heany . Karen Rafferty from Creighton University Osteoporosis Research Center in Nebraska who found an association between caffeinated beverages with the rottenness of the bones . The result is that the urine contains more caffeine drinkers calcium , and calcium that comes from the process of bone formation . Besides caffeine and alcohol is a toxin that inhibits the formation of bone ( osteoblasts ) .
- Lazy to Exercise. Women who are too lazy to move or exercise will be hampered its process of osteoblasts ( bone forming process ) . In addition to reduced bone density . The more movement and exercise the muscle mass to form a bone spur .
- Smoking. It turns out cigarettes can increase the risk of osteoporosis . Smokers are very vulnerable to osteoporosis , because the nicotine in them accelerate bone resorption . In addition to bone resorption , nicotine also makes the levels and activity of the hormone estrogen in the body is reduced to bone cell arrangements are not robust in the face of the weathering process . In addition, smoking can also make the smoker hypertension , heart disease , and blockage of blood flow throughout the body . If blood is obstructed, then the difficult process of bone formation occurs . So , obviously causing osteoporosis nicotine either directly indirectly . At a young age , the effects of nicotine on bone is not going to taste as bone -forming process is still going on . However , when passing through the age of 35 , the effect of smoking on bone will begin to be felt, because the process of formation at that age had stopped .
- Less Calcium. If the body's calcium is less then the body will release hormones that will take calcium from other parts of the body , including those in the spine .
6 . Consuming Drugs
Corticosteroid drugs are often used as an anti- inflammatory in asthma and allergic disease does cause the risk of osteoporosis . If often consumed in high quantities will reduce bone mass . Therefore , corticosteroids inhibit osteoblast process . In addition , heparin and anticonvulsant drugs also cause osteoporosis . Consult your doctor before taking this type of medication and the right dosage that is not detrimental to bone .
7 . Petite and Tiny
Skinny and petite stature has tended to lighter body weight less than 57 kg for example , when the bones will be keen to establish the origin of the cells is suppressed by a heavy weight . Because the position of supporting the weight of the bones will be stimulated to form bone mass in these areas , particularly in the hips and pelvis gap . If then the light weight of bone mass tends to be less fully formed.
Symptoms of Osteoporosis
Although many people say that osteoporosis occur without symptoms , but at least there are some things that can be used as a benchmark as recognizable symptoms . It deals directly with the patient 's physical condition where it can be immediately viewed with ease .
1 . Reduced Height
Human height will peak at around 18 years of age . From day to day , the intervertebral discs or cushions between the vertebrae will be suppressed as long as we work , walking , and in carrying out other activities . When we wake up , the body will be slightly higher than during the afternoon or evening after doing the activity and at night when sleeping . The disc will expand again and return to its original height .
The cause of this decline is the height of spinal fracture or vertebrates are generally without complaint , but the body is getting short and bent . If there is a decrease in height as much as 2 cm in the last 3 years , it indicates the presence of new vertebral fractures . The older a person is , the more short osteoporosis posture.
2 . Changed Body Shape
Body bending usually occurs due to damage to several vertebrae of the chest ( thoracic ) and loin ( lumbar ) . Osteoporosis in the spine cause compression fracture or collapse of bone and cause body bent . Kiposis which can lead to severe respiratory muscle movement disorders . We could feel the shortness of breath and sometimes even arise complications in the lungs .
3 . Fragile and Broken Bones
Fragile and broken bones called fragility fracture . In this condition can occur even though the fracture should not arise because of severe trauma . But with only the usual minor fall , lifting , pushing something , or other minor trauma .
In addition to the spine , fractures often afflict the bones of the wrist , ankle , pelvis even . Multiple fractures in some places are also common . Fractures that occur suddenly or will cause acute severe pain where sometimes up to require strong pain medication until the emphasis on drug class .
Chronic fracture had to undergo a long bed rest and this will interfere with blood circulation . Moreover , such is also often pose the danger of infection and complications of the heart and the respiratory tract . Difficulty of care in the elderly , coupled with some other chronic diseases that accompany such as diabetes, stroke , or heart disease , will make things worse and can be fatal .
How to prevent from Osteoporosis
1 . Increase the intake of Calcium
One way to prevent and minimize the occurrence of osteoporosis is to increase intake of calcium . Some foods that contain lots of sources of calcium include: cereal , milk , soy , fish , orange juice , egg yolks , broccoli , yogurt , and green vegetables
2 . Stop Smoking
Please note that active smokers are very prone to developing osteoporosis because of the nicotine substance that can inhibit the absorption and utilization of calcium in the body . There are quite a lot of research to find any association between the activity of smoking with osteoporosis in both men and women . In a study looking at the case of hip fracture in elderly women , it was concluded that 1 out of 8 cases of fractures caused by bone loss that is caused by smoking . By quitting smoking , you can reduce the risk of low bone mass and reduce the occurrence of fractures and osteoporosis .
3 . Doing Sports In Routine
Doing regular exercise such as walking , gymnastics , jogging , and lifting weights can help keep bones strong and sturdy . Simply by walking for half an hour 3 times a week is very big role to prevent osteoporosis .
4 . Reducing Consumption of Coffee
You should know that the caffeine in coffee can stimulate spending calcium from the body . If you really want to drink coffee , you can mix them with milk or cream to reduce the caffeine content in coffee .
5 . Hormone Replacement Therapy ( HRT )
As known , osteoporosis usually occurs in post menopausal estrogen production which dropped dramatically . Meanwhile , here's the function of the hormone estrogen plays a role in maintaining bone density . Well , in this context, you can do the replacement of the hormone estrogen by way of Hormone Replacement Therapy ( HRT ) / hormone replacement therapy to slow the loss of calcium and helps restore bone mass . However , it should be noted that several of this type of therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer , stroke , and heart disease . By doing some risk of osteoporosis prevention tips above , you can minimize the risk of osteoporosis is a scourge for many people , especially postmenopausal women . Osteoporosis can be prevented and minimized by performing the above tips consistently.
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