What is Osteoarthritis ?
Osteoarthritis is also called degenerative joint disease . This disease affects about 33 million Americans and is a chronic joint condition that is most common . Osteoarthritis is the result of overuse of the joint , such as a hard exercise , obesity , or aging . If you are an athlete or dancer , you may be wondering why your knee or hip pain when you get out of bed in the morning . Should ask your doctor about osteoarthritis . This disease can strike early in athletes or those who suffered injuries in youth . Osteoarthritis in hands frequently inherited and often occurs in middle-aged women .
Osteoarthritis most often occurs in joints that bear weight , such as knees , hips , feet and spine . Osteoarthritis is often come gradually over months or even years . Unless pain in the affected joint , usually you do not feel sick , and no unusual tiredness or lethargy as in some other types of arthritis . In osteoarthritis , the cartilage breaks down gradually. Cartilage is the slippery material that covers the ends of bones and acts as a shock absorber body . As damage increases , cartilage has eroded , or not work as well as used to protect joints . For example , extra pressure on the knee as a result of excess weight can cause damage to the knee cartilage . This, over time , cause the cartilage to erode more quickly than usual .
As the cartilage becomes worn , the joint cushioning effect is lost . The result is pain when the joint is moved . Along with pain , sometimes you can hear a rattling sound when the rough surface of the cartilage between the two bones rub against each other . Painful lumps may appear at the ends of the bones , especially in the fingers and toes . Although not the main symptom of osteoarthritis , the inflammation can occur in the lining of the joints in response to cartilage damage .
Cause of Osteoarthritis
It occurs when the cartilage that forms the surface of the joints becomes worn. This will cause the joints to become swollen, sore and numb and the reason for the progressive deterioration of the bone joints (degenerative joint disease). Inflammation occurs as blood (not enough nutrients) supplied less though a person is healthy. This is because the body can not produce enough nutrients to coordinate and ensure the recovery rate and the needed reforms. Joint inflammation is usually knee. This is so because, the knee is the joint that holds our weight and always used throughout our lives.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
-Deep pain
-Difficulty wearing or combing hair
-Difficulty gripping objects
-Difficulty sitting or bending
-Joint feels warm to the touch
-Stiffness in the morning for less than an hour
-Pain when walking
-Stiffness after resting
-Swelling of joints
-Loss of motion in the joints
Osteoarthritis affects not happen in a few days but the process starts over from previous years , and in case you are likely to badminton activity itself, which starts from a young age , are now showing their impact on the knees. Inflammation of Osteoarthritis be abated by using certain medications like ? Painkiller ? ointments and also the rest of the activities are too rugged and the use of ice to reduce the swelling and pain . But this effect is only temporary and the pain can come back after restarting patient activity performed earlier. This is because the surface of the cartilage fixed in a damaged condition and not back to normal . Osteoarthritis Disease is a disease affecting the quality of one's life . If the situation is quite severe in which quality of life is affected, for example can not walk , needs a cane, take painkillers daily at high doses , although pain at rest , reduced mobility due to pain ; surgery is necessary to improve the patient's quality of life back .
What Common Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis?
-Abnormal range of joint
-Age
-Athletics (injuries in sports and athletics)
-Changing load (putting weight on the knee or hip)
-Sex
-Joint use of heavy and constant
-Joint injuries due to other types of arthritis
-Knee surgery
-Overuse or injury
-Obesity or being overweight
The High Risk of Getting Osteoarthritis
-The old and older
-The obesity
-Sports that cause repetitive impact and requires fast movements such as football
-Lifting heavy items.
-Weak thigh muscles (quadriceps)
-Abnormal tibial rotation
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
The usual treatment is given to reduce pain include non- streoidanti -inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) . Patients may also be treated with glucosamine sulphate for pain relief and is believed to improve the joints involved . In fact, for patients unable to endure the pain , they can be corticosterioid intended to reduce the inflammation in the joints. Other painkillers consumed , some ointment made of gel or cream that can be used for additional relief . These medications are often no more effective for stage osteoarthritis. Newer drugs such as glucosamine , chondroitin and diacerin are included in the category of additional medications and support can be taken together with analgesia .
All three acts and have different functions .
-Glucosamine acts to restore the joint fluid and lubricates the joint help . Indirectly, it also reduces joint pain due to friction.
-Chondroitin can withstand more cartilage damage if taken in the early stages of osteoarthritis
-Diacerin seeks to reduce inflammation around the joints, as well as can help relieve the pain of osteoarthritis.
Drug injection of intra- articular as hylarunik acid can also be used to add fluid to the joint problems. Injections into the joint can give a quick effect to reduce pain and reduce friction sound ( crepitus ) as a result of osteoarthritis.
Patients must have at least three injections per week for a full treatment of a particular joint. However , now there are only hylarunik acid products need to be injected only once for almost the same effect .
Physiotherapy treatment can be given:
1. To control the pain
Exercise Therapy (Bennell et al, 2005)
TENS (Low & Reed, 2003)
2. To reduce swelling
Use ice for 15 minutes
3. To maintain joint mobility (range of motion increase is joint)
Perform active and passive exercises (bend and straighten your legs)
4. To increase the flexibility
-exercise stretching (stretching exercise)
example: stretching for hamstring
5. To maintain strength
-Malleable exercise: static quadriceps, static glutues, inner range quads, straight leg Raise.
-Isotonic exercise: knee bend, knee bend with sandbag.
(hold 5 seconds, relax and repeat 5 times. then, progress.)
-Aerobic exercise: Brisk walking, swimming, etc.
(20 minutes / day, 3 times / week)
-Proprioceptive Exercise: 1/4 squats, heel Raises
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