Albinisme (Albino) in human. Read On!

Albinisme as known as Albino. I don't know is this call disease or what. Or is it dangerous or not. So you guys wanna know more info about Albino ? Read up my article below! :)

What is Albinisme
Albino is a person who does not have a color , or pigmentation . All races have a certain amount of pigmentation , although some are of the white race ( especially Scandinavians ) just have it in very small amounts . What causes the color or pigmentation in humans ? It is produced by certain substances in the body that act mutually to each other . This substance is a base color or chromogen , resulting pigmentation . If someone does not happen to have one of these substances in the body , there is no pigmentation , and he became " albino " . The word comes from the Greek " albus , meaning white " albino person who has pink eye , and is caused by red blood seemed to flow in retina eyes . albino eyes are sensitive to light . So the albino who thus always keep her eyelids half closed with always flashing . Albino white hair all over his body . Even in his body tissues such as the brain and spinal cord white . Albinism is not only found in humans , but also in plants and any kind of animal . Even in birds . And no human race has no albino . It is believed that albinism may be declining , and many people who are not albino but pass on these characteristics to their children . Perhaps the most familiar albino white rats and rabbits are white . But no one has ever seen an albino squirrel and even an albino giraffe.


What Causes Albinisme ?
Albino is a genetic disorder, not a disease and infection can not be transmitted through contact, blood transfusions, etc.. Albino gene causes the body can not make the pigment melanin. Most forms of albinism are the result of a biological disorder of recessive genes inherited from the parents, although in rare cases can be derived from the father / mother alone. There are other genetic mutations associated with an albino, but it all leads to a change of the production of melanin in the body. Albino categorized with tyrosinase-positive or-negative. In the case of positive albino tyrosinase, the enzyme tyrosinase is no, but the melanocytes (pigment cells) are unable to produce melanin for some reason that does not directly involve the tyrosinase enzyme. In the case of a negative tyrosinase, tyrosinase enzyme is not produced or a nonfunctional version is produced.


Enzyme Tyrosinase
Albino gender unaffected, except for ocular albinism (adrift with chromosome X), so that men are more commonly affected ocular albinism. Because people with albinism do not have melanin pigment (function to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun), they suffer from the sun, which is not a problem for ordinary people.


Type of Albinisme
Oculocutaneous albinism
Type of albinism is caused by mutations in one of four genes . These mutations cause some of the symptoms associated with vision ( eye ) , the color of the iris , skin , and hair . Oculocutaneous albinism is further divided into four types , namely :

Type 1 : Factors that cause this disorder is the presence of a mutation in a gene of chromosome 11 . People who experience any interruption in type 1 usually has milky white skin , white hair , and blue eyes at birth . Some people who have this disorder also have never experienced a change in pigmentation .

Type 2 : Factors that cause this disorder is the presence of a mutation in a gene of chromosome 15 . This disorder is more often experienced by people in Sub-Saharan Africa , African -Americans , and Native Americans . In people of African descent , light brown skin , whereas in Asia or North European descent , his skin is white . From both these cases , the color of the skin of albino impaired warrants generally close to the skin of her family members , but the color is slightly paler . If their skin is often exposed to sunlight , freckles or moles may appear on the skin surface .

Type 3 : Factors that cause this disorder is the presence of a mutation on chromosome 9 gene and a disorder that is commonly experienced by black people in South Africa . People who have this disorder usually have skin and reddish brown hair and brown eyes .

Type 4 : Factors that cause this disorder is the presence of a mutation in a gene of chromosome 5 . The most common type of albinism occurs in people of East Asian descent . Symptoms were similar to albinism disorder in type 2 .

X - ocular albinism
These disorders are often experienced by men . It is caused by mutations in a gene on the X chromosome Typically , people who have this disorder have a skin color , hair , and eyes the color of the skin is more pale than family members . In addition , they are also having problems in vision .

Hermansky - Pudlak Syndrome
This is a rare type of albinism is caused by mutations in one of at least eight genes associated with this syndrome . People who experience this type of albinism have symptoms such as the type of oculocutaneous albinism , but they also develop the disease in the lung , bowel disease , and bleeding disorders .

Chediak - Higashi Syndrome
This is the most rare type of albinism . This disorder is caused by mutations in the gene Lyst . Symptoms similar to the type of oculocutaneous albinism . People who experience this syndrome have a defect in white blood cells that result are prone to infection. In addition , brown or blond hair with a silvery sheen , and his skin is white , beige , to grayish .


Signs and Symptoms of Albinisme
All types of albinism disorder will cause problems with eye function . Not only that , people suffering from albinism disorder also definitely will change the color of the skin , hair , and eyes .

Skin
The majority of people who have this disorder will experience changes in skin color to white milk . However , changes in pigmentation is not always to white milk , changes in skin color can range from white to brown . When people who have this disorder are often exposed to sunlight exposure , the spots can arise that resemble large mole on the face .

Hair
Hair color can be changed to white or brown . For example, in people of African or Asian descent who have albinism may experience a change in hair color to yellow or reddish brown .

Eye
If you're having trouble albinism , you will surely experience a disruption in the eye , both of vision and color on the eye . The symptoms associated with the function of the eye , among others :

- Eyes always move very quickly and can not be directed at the same point .
- People with albinism disorder will experience interference nearsightedness .
- Sensitive to light .
- Astigmatism
- People with albinism will also change the color of the iris of the eye . Colors can be changed to blue or brown . Due to shortage of iris pigment , the iris becomes visible transparent . This causes the iris can not block out the light that enters the eye . As a result , the eyes appear red when exposed to light .


How to prevent Albinisme
The gene that carries the disease decreased in humans is difficult to track. So how to tell if a person has a disease or disability decreased or not , can be studied with the pedigree ( pedigree map ) . Avoid the appearance of degenerative diseases in the next generation is very important , because if every family consists of the healthy individuals , then the whole society will be healthy too . Social improvement efforts through use of the laws of heredity called Eugenics . Medium business social improvement through environmental stewardship such as education , improved nutrition, improved housing, sports and recreation -called ethnic . Various suggestions geneticists in order Eugenics applications , among others :

a. Avoid marriage among close relatives who still blood relationship . It was to prevent the recombination of genes that cause disability or disease is recessive .
b . All people, especially the younger generation needs to understand the law of heredity .
c . As far as possible do not marry people who are mentally ill or mentally disordered like idiots , imbeciles , and debilitated .
d . Prior to forming households , should be held to the examination candidates about health and their origins .
e . Maintain mental health and body ( soul ) .

She got a beautiful eyes. But she had a problem with her eyes